Equine dietary bills signify a good portion of general horse possession prices. These bills embody a variety of feed varieties, together with hay, grain, dietary supplements, and salt, with costs various based mostly on elements equivalent to feed sort, high quality, amount bought, and geographic location. Understanding typical equine dietary prices is crucial for potential and present horse house owners for efficient finances administration.
Precisely forecasting these bills permits horse house owners to allocate sources appropriately, stopping monetary pressure and guaranteeing the animal’s dietary wants are constantly met. Traditionally, horse feed prices have fluctuated as a consequence of elements like crop yields, transportation prices, and financial circumstances. Creating a complete understanding of those price drivers allows house owners to anticipate and adapt to market modifications, optimizing feeding methods whereas sustaining budgetary management.
This text will delve into the assorted elements influencing equine dietary prices, exploring completely different feed varieties, regional value variations, and methods for cost-effective feeding practices. Moreover, it should study the long-term implications of dietary selections on equine well being and efficiency.
1. Feed Sort
Feed sort considerably influences general equine dietary prices. Totally different feed varieties cater to various dietary wants and budgets, making knowledgeable choice essential for price administration. Understanding the traits and price implications of every sort empowers house owners to make economical selections with out compromising equine well being.
-
Hay
Hay varieties the inspiration of most equine diets. Widespread varieties embody grass hay (timothy, orchardgrass), legume hay (alfalfa), and blended hay. Grass hays typically signify essentially the most economical choice, appropriate for upkeep and lightweight work. Legume hays, increased in protein and calcium, are costlier and infrequently reserved for rising horses, lactating mares, or efficiency animals. Hay costs fluctuate based mostly on elements equivalent to sort, high quality, and regional availability.
-
Grain
Grain dietary supplements hay by offering concentrated vitality and vitamins. Widespread grain varieties embody oats, corn, barley, and commercially formulated grain mixes. Commercially formulated feeds supply balanced vitamin however are sometimes costlier than particular person grains. The necessity for grain supplementation is dependent upon elements like workload, metabolic situation, and hay high quality.
-
Dietary supplements
Dietary supplements tackle particular dietary deficiencies or assist specific physiological capabilities. Examples embody vitamin and mineral dietary supplements, joint dietary supplements, and electrolytes. Complement prices fluctuate extensively relying on the particular formulation and supposed objective. Whereas some dietary supplements are important for sure horses, even handed choice prevents pointless expenditure.
-
Different Forages
Different forages like beet pulp and hay cubes can complement or exchange conventional hay, particularly in circumstances of dental points or respiratory sensitivities. These choices supply completely different dietary profiles and price concerns in comparison with hay, including one other layer of complexity to feed budgeting.
Strategic feed sort choice permits horse house owners to optimize dietary prices whereas guaranteeing sufficient vitamin. Balancing the price of numerous feed varieties with the person horse’s wants ensures each financial effectivity and equine well-being. Evaluating hay high quality, supplementing judiciously, and exploring different forages when acceptable can contribute to important price financial savings over time.
2. Hay High quality
Hay high quality considerably impacts general equine feed bills. Whereas high-quality hay could have a better preliminary buy value, its superior dietary content material can scale back the necessity for costly grain and dietary supplements, doubtlessly resulting in long-term price financial savings. Conversely, low-quality hay, although cheaper upfront, typically lacks important vitamins, necessitating elevated supplementation to satisfy the horse’s dietary necessities, finally driving up general prices. Evaluating hay high quality successfully is essential for optimizing each equine vitamin and budgetary management.
-
Maturity at Harvest
Hay harvested at an earlier stage of maturity typically possesses increased dietary worth, together with elevated protein and digestibility. This youthful hay, although doubtlessly costlier, can scale back reliance on supplemental grain, contributing to long-term price effectivity. Mature hay, characterised by seed heads and coarser stems, is much less digestible and nutrient-rich, typically requiring elevated grain supplementation to satisfy the horse’s vitality necessities.
-
Storage and Dealing with Practices
Correct storage considerably influences hay high quality and cost-effectiveness. Hay saved open air, uncovered to the weather, loses dietary worth and will increase the chance of spoilage, resulting in waste and elevated expenditure. Investing in acceptable storage options, equivalent to lined areas or barns, preserves hay high quality, decreasing waste and maximizing the worth of the preliminary funding.
-
Species and Selection
Totally different hay species and varieties supply various dietary profiles and prices. Alfalfa, a legume hay, is usually costlier than grass hays like timothy or orchardgrass as a consequence of its increased protein and calcium content material. Choosing a hay species acceptable for the horse’s age, workload, and physiological state optimizes vitamin whereas managing prices. For instance, a mature horse in mild work could thrive on inexpensive grass hay, whereas a rising or lactating horse could require the richer nutrient profile of alfalfa.
-
Presence of Weeds and Mould
Weed and mould contamination negatively impacts hay high quality and might pose well being dangers to horses. Consuming moldy hay can result in respiratory points and different well being issues, leading to veterinary bills. Rigorously inspecting hay for indicators of mould and weeds earlier than buy is crucial to forestall well being issues and keep away from monetary losses related to unusable feed.
Assessing hay high quality by way of visible inspection, evaluating maturity, storage practices, species choice, and checking for contaminants allows horse house owners to make knowledgeable buying selections. Investing in high-quality hay, although doubtlessly costlier initially, can contribute to long-term price financial savings by decreasing the necessity for supplemental feeds and minimizing the chance of well being points related to poor-quality forage. This cautious analysis ensures each optimum equine vitamin and environment friendly finances administration.
3. Grain Selections
Grain supplementation performs an important function in equine vitamin, notably for horses with elevated vitality calls for as a consequence of work, development, or lactation. Nevertheless, the various array of grain selections out there presents a posh decision-making course of for horse house owners, straight impacting general feed prices. Understanding the dietary composition, price variations, and suitability of various grain varieties is crucial for optimizing equine diets whereas managing budgetary constraints.
-
Oats
Oats signify a standard and extensively used grain supply for horses. Comparatively straightforward to digest and palatable, oats present a average vitality supply appropriate for a lot of horses. Their cumbersome nature can even assist stop speedy consumption and potential digestive upset. Oats typically fall inside a average value vary in comparison with different grain choices.
-
Corn
Corn gives a extremely concentrated vitality supply, making it appropriate for horses requiring important caloric consumption. Nevertheless, its increased starch content material necessitates cautious administration to forestall digestive disturbances. Corn is usually inexpensive than oats however requires cautious feeding practices as a consequence of its vitality density.
-
Barley
Barley serves as one other energy-dense grain choice, typically integrated into equine diets. It requires processing, equivalent to rolling or crimping, to boost digestibility. Barley’s price sometimes falls between that of oats and corn, providing a doubtlessly cost-effective vitality supply when processed appropriately.
-
Commercially Formulated Feeds
Commercially formulated feeds supply a handy and nutritionally balanced strategy to grain supplementation. These feeds incorporate numerous grains, protein sources, nutritional vitamins, and minerals, offering an entire dietary resolution. Nevertheless, the added comfort and balanced vitamin typically come at a premium value in comparison with particular person grains. Formulated feeds cater to particular wants, equivalent to efficiency, development, or senior horse upkeep, additional influencing price variations.
Choosing acceptable grain varieties includes cautious consideration of the horse’s particular person wants, workload, and metabolic situation. Balancing dietary necessities with cost-effectiveness requires evaluating the vitality density, digestibility, and value of assorted grains. Whereas particular person grains like oats, corn, and barley supply doubtlessly decrease prices, commercially formulated feeds present balanced vitamin and comfort. Strategic grain selections contribute considerably to managing general horse feed bills whereas guaranteeing optimum dietary consumption.
4. Complement Wants
Complement wants straight affect general equine feed prices. Whereas a balanced forage-based eating regimen typically meets fundamental dietary necessities, particular circumstances could necessitate supplementation to handle deficiencies or assist specific physiological capabilities. Understanding these wants and the related prices permits horse house owners to make knowledgeable selections, balancing equine well being with budgetary concerns. Inappropriate or extreme supplementation can result in pointless expenditure, whereas insufficient supplementation can compromise equine well-being.
-
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies
Pasture and hay typically lack important nutritional vitamins and minerals, notably in particular geographic areas or throughout sure seasons. Addressing these deficiencies by way of focused supplementation is essential for sustaining equine well being and stopping circumstances related to nutrient imbalances. The price of vitamin and mineral dietary supplements varies relying on the particular formulation and the horse’s particular person wants. Soil testing and forage evaluation can establish particular deficiencies, enabling focused supplementation and avoiding pointless expense on broad-spectrum merchandise.
-
Efficiency Enhancement
Efficiency horses typically require specialised dietary supplements to assist the elevated physiological calls for of intense coaching and competitors. These dietary supplements could embody electrolytes, joint assist formulation, or amino acid dietary supplements. The price of performance-enhancing dietary supplements will be substantial, and their use ought to align with the horse’s particular workload and efficiency objectives. Cautious choice based mostly on scientific proof and veterinary suggestions prevents pointless expenditure on merchandise with unsubstantiated claims.
-
Particular Well being Situations
Sure well being circumstances, equivalent to metabolic issues, allergy symptoms, or digestive points, could necessitate particular dietary dietary supplements to handle signs or assist general well-being. These dietary supplements can vary from specialised feeds to focused dietary interventions, considerably impacting general feed prices. Veterinary steerage is essential in these circumstances to make sure acceptable supplementation methods and keep away from doubtlessly dangerous interactions or ineffective remedies.
-
Age-Associated Issues
Senior horses typically expertise decreased digestive effectivity and altered dietary necessities. Supplementation can play a significant function in sustaining their well being and physique situation as they age. Senior-specific dietary supplements sometimes deal with supporting joint well being, digestive operate, and immune system operate. These specialised formulations typically come at a better price in comparison with general-purpose dietary supplements, however their focused advantages can enhance the standard of life and scale back veterinary bills related to age-related well being points.
Strategic supplementation performs a major function in equine well being and efficiency, however it additionally contributes to general feed prices. Cautious analysis of particular person horse wants, knowledgeable by veterinary suggestions and diagnostic testing, ensures that supplementation methods are each efficient and cost-efficient. Prioritizing important dietary supplements whereas avoiding pointless or unsubstantiated merchandise permits horse house owners to keep up equine well being with out incurring extreme expenditure. Integrating complement prices into general feed budgeting offers a complete image of equine dietary bills and allows knowledgeable monetary administration.
5. Amount Bought
Amount bought exerts a considerable affect on general horse feed expenditure. Economies of scale steadily apply to feed purchases, the place bigger portions typically translate to decrease per-unit prices. Buying hay in bulk, as an illustration, sometimes yields a lower cost per bale in comparison with buying smaller portions. Equally, shopping for grain in bigger luggage or by the ton typically reduces the price per pound. Nevertheless, the financial benefits of bulk buying have to be weighed towards storage capability and the potential for spoilage. Buying extra feed than will be safely saved or consumed inside its shelf life negates the price advantages as a consequence of waste.
Sensible utility of this precept requires cautious evaluation of particular person circumstances. A big steady with ample storage capability and quite a few horses could profit considerably from bulk buying. Conversely, a single horse proprietor with restricted storage could discover smaller, extra frequent purchases more cost effective, minimizing the chance of spoilage. Evaluating consumption charges and storage limitations is essential for optimizing amount bought and minimizing general feed prices. For instance, a horse consuming a bale of hay each 5 days would profit from buying a month’s provide if sufficient storage is out there, doubtlessly reaching important price financial savings. Nevertheless, buying a 12 months’s provide with out sufficient storage might result in substantial losses as a consequence of spoilage.
Understanding the connection between amount bought and general feed prices permits horse house owners to make knowledgeable selections, balancing potential price financial savings with sensible constraints. Cautious consideration of consumption charges, storage limitations, and the potential for spoilage is essential for maximizing the financial benefits of bulk buying whereas minimizing waste. Integrating these elements into feed budgeting practices contributes to efficient price administration and ensures environment friendly useful resource allocation for equine dietary wants.
6. Storage Options
Storage options play a crucial function in managing horse feed prices. Applicable storage straight impacts feed high quality and longevity, influencing general expenditure. Efficient storage preserves dietary worth and prevents spoilage, maximizing the return on feed investments. Conversely, insufficient storage can result in substantial monetary losses as a consequence of wasted, spoiled feed. For instance, hay saved open air, uncovered to moisture and daylight, loses dietary worth and turns into inclined to mould development, rendering it unusable and necessitating expensive replacements. Investing in acceptable storage options, even with related upfront prices, finally contributes to long-term price financial savings by minimizing feed waste.
A number of elements affect the effectiveness and cost-benefit evaluation of assorted storage options. Local weather concerns dictate the need of enclosed buildings versus lined areas. Pest management measures, integral to stopping contamination and spoilage, affect each storage design and ongoing upkeep bills. The amount of feed requiring storage influences the scale and kind of storage facility wanted. A big-scale operation necessitates extra in depth and doubtlessly costlier storage options in comparison with the wants of a single horse proprietor. Evaluating these elements permits horse house owners to pick storage options acceptable for his or her particular wants and finances, maximizing cost-effectiveness.
Optimizing storage practices minimizes feed waste and maximizes the worth of feed purchases. Correct air flow prevents moisture buildup and inhibits mould development, preserving hay high quality and increasing its usable lifespan. Rotating feed inventory ensures that older feed is used earlier than newer purchases, minimizing the chance of spoilage. Usually inspecting saved feed for indicators of pests, mould, or deterioration permits for well timed intervention, stopping widespread spoilage and minimizing losses. Implementing these practices, whereas requiring diligence, contributes considerably to decreasing general feed prices and guaranteeing that horses constantly obtain high-quality vitamin.
7. Regional Costs
Geographic location considerably influences horse feed prices. Regional variations in local weather, land availability, and transportation bills contribute to cost fluctuations for numerous feed varieties. Understanding these regional influences allows horse house owners to anticipate potential price variations and make knowledgeable selections relating to feed sourcing and budgeting.
-
Native Forage Availability
Areas with considerable forage manufacturing sometimes expertise decrease hay costs in comparison with areas reliant on imported hay. Native availability reduces transportation prices, a significant element of general hay costs. As an example, areas with sturdy hay manufacturing, such because the Midwest in sure seasons, typically supply decrease hay costs than areas like arid desert climates the place hay have to be transported lengthy distances. Analyzing native forage availability offers insights into potential price financial savings and informs selections relating to hay sourcing and storage.
-
Transportation Prices
The gap feed travels from its origin to the horse proprietor straight impacts its closing price. Transportation bills contribute considerably to general feed costs, particularly for hay and different cumbersome commodities. Areas positioned removed from main agricultural manufacturing facilities sometimes expertise increased feed prices as a consequence of elevated transportation distances and related gasoline bills. For instance, coastal areas reliant on hay shipped from inland areas typically encounter increased costs than areas located nearer to hay-producing farms. Evaluating transportation distances helps anticipate potential value variations and inform selections relating to sourcing and budgeting.
-
Demand and Provide Dynamics
Regional demand for horse feed influences native market costs. Areas with excessive horse populations typically expertise higher demand for feed, doubtlessly driving up costs. Conversely, areas with fewer horses could expertise decrease demand and doubtlessly decrease costs. As an example, areas with a thriving equine business, equivalent to Kentucky, could have increased feed costs in comparison with areas with smaller equine populations. Assessing regional demand patterns helps predict value fluctuations and informs feed buying methods.
-
Local weather and Rising Situations
Regional local weather variations affect forage high quality and availability, influencing feed costs. Areas experiencing drought or different antagonistic climate circumstances could face lowered hay yields and better costs as a consequence of shortage. Conversely, areas with favorable rising circumstances can produce high-quality hay in abundance, doubtlessly resulting in decrease costs. For instance, areas with constant rainfall and sufficient daylight could produce high-quality hay at decrease costs in comparison with drought-stricken areas the place hay manufacturing is proscribed. Evaluating regional local weather patterns and their affect on forage manufacturing informs feed sourcing selections and budgeting.
Understanding regional influences on feed costs empowers horse house owners to develop efficient budgeting methods. Researching native feed markets, contemplating transportation distances, and evaluating regional forage availability helps anticipate value variations and optimize feed buying selections. Integrating regional value concerns into general feed price administration ensures finances accuracy and facilitates knowledgeable monetary planning for equine dietary wants.
8. Seasonal Availability
Seasonal availability exerts a substantial affect on horse feed prices. Forage manufacturing, notably hay, follows distinct seasonal patterns. Rising seasons dictate durations of abundance and shortage, straight impacting hay costs and availability. Throughout peak rising seasons, hay is usually plentiful, leading to decrease costs as a consequence of elevated provide. Conversely, throughout dormant seasons or durations of antagonistic climate circumstances, hay turns into scarce, driving up costs as a consequence of restricted provide. Understanding these seasonal fluctuations permits horse house owners to anticipate value modifications and alter feed budgets accordingly. As an example, buying hay in bulk throughout peak season, when costs are decrease, and storing it appropriately to be used throughout leaner months can contribute to important price financial savings. Failing to account for seasonal availability can result in sudden value will increase and budgetary pressure.
Sensible purposes of this understanding embody strategic hay buying and storage practices. Horse house owners can leverage seasonal availability by buying hay in bulk during times of abundance and storing it correctly to be used throughout instances of shortage. This proactive strategy minimizes publicity to cost fluctuations and ensures a constant provide of high quality forage all year long. Moreover, diversifying forage sources, contemplating different forages like haylage or beet pulp during times of hay shortage, will help mitigate price will increase and preserve sufficient equine vitamin. Ignoring seasonal influences can result in reliance on costlier feed choices during times of restricted hay availability, rising general feed prices. Integrating seasonal availability into feed administration methods permits horse house owners to anticipate market fluctuations and optimize feed buying selections for long-term price management.
Seasonal availability represents an important element of general horse feed price administration. Understanding seasonal patterns, implementing strategic buying and storage practices, and exploring different forage choices during times of shortage contribute to efficient price management and guarantee constant equine vitamin all year long. Neglecting these seasonal influences can result in sudden value will increase and budgetary challenges. Integrating seasonal concerns into feed planning empowers horse house owners to make knowledgeable selections, optimizing each dietary high quality and monetary stability inside their equine administration applications.
Continuously Requested Questions
Addressing widespread inquiries relating to equine feeding bills offers readability and facilitates knowledgeable decision-making for horse house owners. The next questions and solutions supply sensible insights into managing these important prices.
Query 1: How does hay sort affect general feed prices?
Hay sort represents a main driver of feed bills. Legume hays, equivalent to alfalfa, typically command increased costs as a consequence of elevated protein and nutrient content material in comparison with grass hays like timothy or orchardgrass. Selecting a hay sort acceptable for the horse’s particular wants balances dietary necessities with budgetary constraints.
Query 2: Can high-quality hay really scale back general feed prices?
Whereas high-quality hay could have a better preliminary buy value, its superior dietary content material can lower the necessity for costly grain and dietary supplements. This discount in supplemental feeding can result in long-term price financial savings, making high-quality hay a doubtlessly cost-effective selection.
Query 3: What methods can decrease feed waste and related prices?
Correct storage practices, together with safety from moisture and pests, decrease feed spoilage and waste. Rotating feed inventory, utilizing older feed earlier than newer purchases, additional reduces waste and maximizes the worth of feed investments. Cautious monitoring of feed consumption helps alter buying portions, avoiding extra stock and potential spoilage.
Query 4: How do regional elements have an effect on feed costs?
Regional variations in forage availability, transportation prices, and native demand contribute to feed value fluctuations. Areas with considerable native forage manufacturing typically expertise decrease hay costs. Conversely, areas reliant on imported hay typically face increased prices as a consequence of transportation bills.
Query 5: How can seasonal availability be leveraged to handle feed prices?
Buying hay in bulk throughout peak rising seasons, when costs are sometimes decrease, and storing it appropriately to be used during times of shortage can considerably scale back general feed bills. This proactive strategy requires sufficient storage capability however gives substantial price advantages over time.
Query 6: What function do dietary supplements play in general feed prices, and the way can these prices be managed?
Dietary supplements, whereas typically important for addressing particular dietary wants or well being circumstances, can contribute considerably to general feed prices. Prioritizing important dietary supplements based mostly on veterinary suggestions and diagnostic testing, whereas avoiding pointless or unsubstantiated merchandise, helps handle these bills successfully.
Understanding these key price drivers empowers horse house owners to make knowledgeable selections relating to feed choice, buying methods, and storage practices. These knowledgeable selections contribute to efficient finances administration whereas guaranteeing optimum equine vitamin.
Exploring particular feed choices and growing a customized feeding plan additional refines price administration methods and ensures alignment with particular person equine dietary necessities. The next part delves into sensible feeding plan improvement.
Suggestions for Managing Equine Feed Prices
Efficient administration of equine feed bills requires a proactive and knowledgeable strategy. The next ideas present sensible methods for optimizing feed prices with out compromising equine dietary wants.
Tip 1: Prioritize Excessive-High quality Forage.
Investing in high-quality hay, although doubtlessly costlier initially, can scale back the necessity for supplemental grain and concentrates, resulting in long-term price financial savings. Nutrient-rich forage promotes optimum digestive well being and general well-being, minimizing potential veterinary bills related to dietary deficiencies.
Tip 2: Implement Strategic Buying Practices.
Buying hay and grain in bulk during times of abundance or when favorable pricing is out there can considerably scale back per-unit prices. This technique requires sufficient storage capability to forestall spoilage however gives substantial long-term price advantages. Exploring cooperative buying preparations with different horse house owners can additional leverage bulk reductions.
Tip 3: Optimize Storage Options.
Correct storage is crucial for preserving feed high quality and stopping spoilage. Investing in acceptable storage amenities, whether or not a devoted hay barn or a well-ventilated shed, protects feed from the weather and minimizes losses as a consequence of moisture harm, mould development, or pest infestation.
Tip 4: Consider Complement Wants Rigorously.
Supplementation ought to tackle particular dietary deficiencies or assist documented well being circumstances. Indiscriminate use of dietary supplements provides pointless expense. Seek the advice of with a veterinarian or equine nutritionist to find out precise complement wants based mostly on particular person horse necessities, minimizing pointless expenditure.
Tip 5: Monitor Feed Consumption and Regulate Accordingly.
Usually monitoring feed consumption permits changes to buying portions, stopping overstocking and minimizing waste as a consequence of spoilage. Correct evaluation of particular person horse consumption patterns informs buying selections and optimizes feed stock administration.
Tip 6: Discover Different Forage Choices.
Contemplate incorporating different forages, equivalent to hay cubes, beet pulp, or haylage, into equine diets, notably during times of hay shortage or excessive costs. These alternate options can supply cost-effective dietary options whereas diversifying forage sources.
Tip 7: Analysis Native Feed Suppliers and Examine Costs.
Contacting a number of feed suppliers and evaluating costs for numerous feed varieties ensures aggressive pricing and identifies potential price financial savings. Constructing relationships with native suppliers can result in favorable pricing preparations and entry to higher-quality feed choices.
Tip 8: Usually Consider and Regulate Feeding Packages.
Periodically reviewing and adjusting feeding applications based mostly on particular person horse wants, workload, and differences due to the season optimizes dietary consumption and price effectivity. This ongoing evaluation ensures that feeding practices align with present necessities and market circumstances.
Implementing these methods contributes to important price financial savings whereas sustaining optimum equine vitamin. Cautious planning, knowledgeable decision-making, and proactive administration of feed sources are essential for reaching long-term price management inside equine feeding applications.
The following pointers present a framework for managing equine feed bills successfully. The next conclusion summarizes key takeaways and emphasizes the significance of knowledgeable monetary planning inside the context of horse possession.
Conclusion
Equine feed bills signify a considerable portion of horse possession prices. This exploration has highlighted the multifaceted nature of those bills, influenced by elements equivalent to feed sort, high quality, amount bought, storage options, regional costs, and seasonal availability. Excessive-quality forage, whereas doubtlessly costlier initially, can contribute to long-term price financial savings by decreasing the necessity for dietary supplements. Strategic buying practices, together with bulk shopping for and leveraging seasonal availability, supply additional alternatives for price optimization. Efficient storage options decrease waste and protect feed high quality, maximizing the worth of feed investments. Cautious analysis of complement wants, based mostly on knowledgeable veterinary suggestions and diagnostic testing, prevents pointless expenditure on unsubstantiated merchandise. Regional value variations, pushed by elements equivalent to native forage availability and transportation prices, necessitate thorough market analysis and knowledgeable sourcing selections.
Efficient administration of equine feed prices requires a proactive and knowledgeable strategy. Integrating these price elements into complete budgetary planning ensures monetary stability and permits horse house owners to prioritize equine well being and well-being. Continuous evaluation of particular person equine wants, coupled with knowledgeable decision-making relating to feed choice and useful resource administration, empowers horse house owners to navigate the complexities of equine feed bills successfully. This proactive strategy ensures each monetary duty and the availability of optimum vitamin important for equine well being and efficiency.
